Class DoubleElementaryModMath
- java.lang.Object
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- org.apfloat.internal.DoubleElementaryModMath
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- Direct Known Subclasses:
DoubleModMath
public class DoubleElementaryModMath extends java.lang.Object
Elementary modulo arithmetic functions fordouble
data. Note that although a floating-point data type is used, the data will always be integers.Modular addition and subtraction are trivial, when the modulus is less than 252 and overflow can be detected easily.
Modular multiplication is more complicated, and since it is usually the single most time consuming operation in the whole program execution, the very core of the Number Theoretic Transform (NTT), it should be carefully optimized.
The algorithm for multiplying two
double
s containing an integer and taking the remainder is not entirely obvious. The basic problem is to get the full 104-bit result of multiplying two 52-bit integers. This can basically be done in two parts: by multiplying twolong
s, the lowest 64 bits can be acquired easily. Multiplying thedouble
s as floating-point numbers and scaling properly, the highest (roughly) 52 bits of the result can be acquired.The first observation is that since the modulus is practically constant, it should be more efficient to calculate (once) the inverse of the modulus, and then subsequently multiply by the inverse of the modulus instead of dividing by it.
The second observation is that to get the remainder of the division, we don't necessarily need the actual result of the division (we just want the remainder). So, we should discard the topmost 52 bits of the full 104-bit result whenever possible, to save a few operations.
The basic approach is to get an approximation of
a * b / modulus
(using floating-point operands, that isdouble
s). The approximation should be within +1 or -1 of the correct result. Then calculatea * b - approximateDivision * modulus
to get the remainder. This calculation must use the lowest 52 (or more, actually 64) bits and is done usinglong
s. As the modulus is less than 252 it is easy to detect the case when the approximate division was off by one (and the remainder is±modulus
off).To ensure that only one comparison is needed in the check for the approximate division, we use
1 / (modulus + 0.5)
as the inverse modulus. In this case the result of the approximate division is always either correct or 1 less.- Version:
- 1.0
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Field Summary
Fields Modifier and Type Field Description private double
inverseModulus
private long
longModulus
private double
modulus
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Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description DoubleElementaryModMath()
Default constructor.
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Method Summary
All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method Description double
getModulus()
Get the modulus.double
modAdd(double a, double b)
Modular addition.double
modMultiply(double a, double b)
Modular multiplication.double
modSubtract(double a, double b)
Modular subtraction.void
setModulus(double modulus)
Set the modulus.
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Method Detail
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modMultiply
public final double modMultiply(double a, double b)
Modular multiplication.- Parameters:
a
- First operand.b
- Second operand.- Returns:
a * b % modulus
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modAdd
public final double modAdd(double a, double b)
Modular addition.- Parameters:
a
- First operand.b
- Second operand.- Returns:
(a + b) % modulus
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modSubtract
public final double modSubtract(double a, double b)
Modular subtraction. The result is always >= 0.- Parameters:
a
- First operand.b
- Second operand.- Returns:
(a - b + modulus) % modulus
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getModulus
public final double getModulus()
Get the modulus.- Returns:
- The modulus.
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setModulus
public final void setModulus(double modulus)
Set the modulus.- Parameters:
modulus
- The modulus.
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