AboutTeacher-directedSelf-directed
Concept of the learner:Dependent personalityIncreasingly autonomous and self-directed person
Role of learners' experience:To be built on more than usedA rich resource for learning
Readiness to learn:Varies with levels of maturationDevelops from life tasks and problems
Orientation to learning:Subject-centredTask or problem-centred
Motivation:External rewards and punishmentsInternal, intrinsic incentives and curiosity