About | Teacher-directed | Self-directed |
Concept of the learner: | Dependent personality | Increasingly autonomous and self-directed person |
Role of learners' experience: | To be built on more than used | A rich resource for learning |
Readiness to learn: | Varies with levels of maturation | Develops from life tasks and problems |
Orientation to learning: | Subject-centred | Task or problem-centred |
Motivation: | External rewards and punishments | Internal, intrinsic incentives and curiosity |